Parameters of Present, Stage 1 and Stage 2
Parameters of Present, Stage 1 and Stage 2
| Parameters | Present | Stage 1 (MI) |
Stage 2 (MI + nu-fact) |
| Linac (operating at 15 Hz) | |||
| Kinetic energy (MeV) | 400 | 400 | 400 |
| Peak current (mA) | 40 | 60 | 60 |
| Pulse length (micro-s) | 25 | 90 | 90 |
| H- per pulse | 6.3 x 1012 | 3.4 x 1013 | 3.4 x 1013 |
| Average beam current (micro-A) | 15 | 81 | 81 |
| Beam power (kW) | 6 | 32 | 32 |
| Booster (operating at 15 Hz) | |||
| Extraction kinetic energy (GeV) | 8 | 12 | 16 |
| Protons per bunch | 6 x 1010 | 2.4 x 1011 | 1.7 x 1012 |
| Number of bunches | 84 | 126 | 18 |
| Total number of protons | 5 x 1012 | 3 x 1013 | 3 x 1013 |
| Normalized transverse emittance (mm-mrad) | 15 pi | 60 pi | 60 pi |
| Longitudinal emittance (eV-s) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
| RF frequency (MHz) | 53 | 53 | 7.5 |
| Extracted bunch length sigmat (ns) | 0.2 | 1 | 1 |
| Average beam current (micro-A) | 12 | 72 | 72 |
| Target beam power (MW) | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
Note: Although originally designed for 15 Hz operation, the present Booster has never run at 15 Hz in continuous mode. In the past it used to run at 2.5 Hz. In the near future it will run at 7.5 Hz for the MiniBooNE experiment.
| Present Booster: | |
| Now | 1-2 x 1016 protons/hour |
| MiniBooNE era | 1.0 x 1017 protons/hour |
| 1.5 x 1017 protons/hour | |
| Proton Driver: | 1.6 x 1018 protons/hour |
Parameters of Present, Phase I and Phase II
| Parameters | Present | Phase I (MI, nu-Fact) |
Phase II (mu-Coll) |
| Linac (operating at 15 Hz) | |||
| Kinetic energy (MeV) | 400 | 400 | 1000 |
| Peak current (mA) | 40 | 60 | 80 |
| Pulse length (micro-s) | 25 | 90 | 200 |
| H- per pulse | 6.3 x 1012 | 3.4 x 1013 | 1 x 1014 |
| Average beam current (micro-A) | 15 | 81 | 240 |
| Beam power (kW) | 6 | 32 | 240 |
| Pre-Booster (operating at 15 Hz) | |||
| Extraction kinetic energy (GeV) | 3 | ||
| Protons per bunch | 2.5 x 1013 | ||
| Number of bunches | 4 | ||
| Total number of protons |
1 x 1014 |
||
| Normalized transverse emittance (mm-mrad) | 200 pi | ||
| Longitudinal emittance (eV-s) | 2 | ||
| RF frequency (MHz) | 7.5 | ||
| Average beam current (micro-A) | 240 | ||
| Target beam power (MW) | 720 | ||
| Booster (operating at 15 Hz) | |||
| Extraction kinetic energy (GeV) | 8 | 16 | 16 |
| Protons per bunch | 6 x 1010 | 1.7 x 1012 | 2.5 x 1013 |
| Number of bunches | 84 | 18 | 4 |
| Total number of protons | 5 x 1012 | 3 x 1013 | 1 x 1014 |
| Normalized transverse emittance (mm-mrad) | 15 pi | 60 pi | 200 pi |
| Longitudinal emittance (eV-s) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2 |
| RF frequency (MHz) | 53 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| Extracted bunch length sigmat (ns) | 0.2 | 1 | 1 |
| Average beam current (micro-A) | 12 | 72 | 240 |
| Target beam power (MW) | 0.1 | 1.2 | 4 |
Comparison with Other High Intensity Proton Machines
| Machine | Protons Per Cycle |
Repetition Rate (Hz) |
Protons Per Second |
Beam Energy (GeV) |
Beam Power (MW) |
| Existing:
RAL ISIS BNL AGS LANL PSR |
2.5 x 1013 7 x 1013 2.5 x 1013 |
50 0.5 20 |
1.25 x 1015 3.5 x 1013 5 x 1014 |
0.8 24 0.8 |
0.16 0.13 0.064 |
| Planned:
Fermilab MiniBooNE Fermilab NuMI Proton Driver Phase I Proton Driver Phase II ORNL SNS Europe ESS Japan JHF |
5 x 1012 3 x 1013 3 x 1013 1 x 1014 2 x 1014 2.34 x 1014 3.2 x 1014 |
7.5 0.5 15 15 60 50 0.3 |
3.8 x 1013 1.5 x 1013 4.5 x 1014 1.5 x 1015 1.2 x 1016 1.2 x 1016 1 x 1014 |
8 120 16 16 1 1.334 50 |
0.05 0.3 1.2 4 2 2.5 0.8 |
Operation Modes of the Proton Driver
Stage 1
The Main Injector will take four Proton Driver batches to fill its ring. Each batch gives 3 x 1013 protons. So the Main Injector will operate at 1.2 x 1014 protons per cycle, a factor of four higher than its present beam intensity (3 x 1013 protons per cycle). The cycle time of the Main Injector is 2 seconds. Therefore, it will take only 2/15 of the protons available from the Proton Driver. The other 13/15 can be used for other programs (see below).
Thirteen out of every fifteen Proton Driver cycles can be dedicated to these experiments. This gives an average proton flux of 3.9 x 1014 per second. The beam energy is 12 GeV. The beam power will be 0.75 MW.
The Main Injector will take one Proton Driver batch every 1.5 seconds. Each batch contains 2 x 1013 protons, which is four times more than the present Booster batch (5 x 1012). So the antiproton production rate would be increased by a factor of four, provided that the target, lithium lens, AP2 aperture and the cooling systems in the antiproton source would be upgraded accordingly. This mode of operation can be performed simultaneously with operation mode 1.